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LIRE L’ART CONTEMPORAIN. DANS L’INTIMITÉ DES ŒUVRES
Isabelle Ewig. Gitemie Maldonado
Larousse. 2013. p. 151
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mardi 26 mai 2015
6584. ART CONTEMPORAIN. LE PRIX DE L'ART MODERNE MONTE SANS CESSE. 1 MILLIARD POUR LA DERNIÈRE INSTALLATION EN ARTIQUE PORTANT LE TITRE: DEGREE OF AGGRESSIVENESS. OU MANOEUVRES DE L'OTAN SUR FOND DE TENSIONS AVEC LA RUSSIE. THE ARCTIC CHALLENGE EXERCISE INVOLVE TROOPS AND PLANES FROM THE US, BRITAIN, GERMANY, FRANCE AND THE NETHERLANDS - ALL NATO MEMBERS - AS WELL AS NEUTRAL SWITZERLAND. ARCTIC DRILLS INVOLVE 38,000 SERVICEMEN, MORE THAN 50 SURFACE SHIPS AND SUBMARINES AND 110 AIRCRAFT. NATO PLANES ARE JOINING THEIR AIR FORCES IN ONE OF EUROPE'S LARGEST FIGHTER JET EXERCISES, AS MILITARY TENSIONS INCREASE IN THE NORDIC AND BALTIC REGIONS. THE AERIAL MANOEUVERS INCLUDE U.S. F-16 FIGHTER JETS AND MILITARY AIRCRAFT FROM BRITAIN, GERMANY AND FRANCE, ACCOMPANYING NON-NATO MEMBERS FINLAND AND SWEDEN. IT FOLLOWS NATO SUBMARINE DETECTION DRILLS OFF THE NORWEGIAN COAST EARLIER THIS MONTH. 110 PLANES FROM 9 COUNTRIES WILL FLY OVER NORTHERN PARTS OF FINLAND, SWEDEN AND NORWAY. THE UNITED STATES IS PLANNING TO CONDUCT JOINT EXERCISES WITH FORCES FROM ESTONIA, LATVIA AND LITHUANIA LATER THIS MONTH. THE EXERCISE WILL INVOLVE DROPPING WEAPONS, INCLUDE WEAPON DELIVERY AGAINST AIRBORNE TARGETS. COMBATING SIMULATED ANTI-AIR ARTILLERY, LOW-LEVEL FLYING. TENSIONS HAVE INCREASED IN THE REGION SINCE THE UKRAINE CRISIS. NATO IS ACCUSING RUSSIAN MILITARY AIRCRAFT OF PUTTING CIVILIAN FLIGHTS AT RISK BY BOOSTING THE NUMBER OF ITS MILITARY AIR PATROLS AND HAVING ITS PLANES FLY WITH THEIR TRANSPONDERS SWITCHED OFF. RUSSIA LAUNCHES MASSIVE ARCTIC MILITARY DRILLS. RUSSIA BEGINS MASSIVE AIR FORCE EXERCISE. THE TESTS BEGAN ON THE SAME DAY AS NATO AND SOME OF ITS PARTNERS STARTED AN ARCTIC TRAINING EXERCISE. THE RUSSIAN MILITARY LAUNCHED SWEEPING MILITARY MANOEUVERS IN THE ARCTIC. A SHOW OF FORCE ORDERED BY PRESIDENT VLADIMIR PUTIN AMID SPIRALLING TENSIONS WITH THE WEST OVER UKRAINE. RUSSIA'S MILITARY FORCES HAVE BEGUN A LARGE EXERCISE INVOLVING 250 AIRCRAFT MORE THAN 50 SURFACE SHIPS AND SUBMARINES. 38,000 SERVICEMEN ACCORDING TO ITS DEFENCE MINISTRY WHO DESCRIBED THE DRILL AS A "MASSIVE SURPRISE INSPECTION", TO CHECK COMBAT READINESS. OF RUSSIA'S NORTHERN FLEET AND THE MILITARY'S ABILITY TO DEPLOY ADDITIONAL FORCES FROM CENTRAL RUSSIA. DEFENCE MINISTER SERGEI SHOIGU SAID "THE NEW CHALLENGES AND MILITARY THREATS REQUIRE FURTHER INCREASE OF THE ARMED FORCES' CAPABILITIES." THE WAR GAMES COME AS RUSSIA-WEST TIES ARE STRAINED OVER THE UKRAINIAN CRISIS AND THE WEST IS ALSO BOOSTING ITS MILITARY PREPAREDNESS. PUTIN, SPEAKING IN A DOCUMENTARY BROADCAST BY STATE TELEVISION LATE SUNDAY, SAID THAT RUSSIA WAS READY TO BRING ITS NUCLEAR WEAPONS INTO A STATE OF ALERT DURING LAST YEAR'S TENSIONS OVER THE CRIMEAN PENINSULA AND THE OVERTHROW OF UKRAINE'S MOSCOW-FRIENDLY PRESIDENT. ASKED ABOUT RUSSIA'S ASSERTIVENESS IN A TV INTERVIEW, DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER DMITRY ROGOZIN JOKED THAT "TANKS DON'T NEED VISAS". NATO'S TWO-WEEK TRAINING EXERCISE IN THE REGION - WHICH BEGAN ON THE SAME DAY AS RUSSIA'S TESTS - WILL BE BASED IN THE NORTH OF NORWAY, SWEDEN AND FINLAND. THE DEFENCE MINISTERS OF NORWAY, SWEDEN, FINLAND AND DENMARK, ALONG WITH ICELAND'S FOREIGN MINISTER, SIGNED A JOINT DECLARATION IN APRIL IN WHICH THEY CALLED RUSSIA'S MILITARY AGGRESSION "THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE TO EUROPEAN SECURITY". RUSSIAN BOMBERS WERE SIGHTED IN THE GULF OF FINLAND ON THURSDAY AT LUNCHTIME, REPORTS SWEDISH RADIO NEWS. 2 GRIPEN JETS TRACKED THE RUSSIAN BOMBERS WHICH TURNED AROUND IN INTERNATIONAL AIRSPACE AT THE SOUTHERN TIP OF ÖLAND. THE TU-22 TYPE BOMBERS HAVE THE CAPACITY TO CARRY AND RELEASE ATOMIC WEAPONS. THEY DIDN'T CROSS INTO SWEDISH SOVEREIGN AIRSPACE. SUPREME COMMANDER SVERKER GORANSON SAYS TO SWEDISH RADIO’S P4 EXTRA THAT IT IS IMPORTANT TO REACT WHEN RUSSIA, THROUGH ITS ACTIONS, TRIES TO SHOW OFF ITS STATUS AS A “GREAT POWER”. “IT’S A MARK OF RUSSIA AND ONE THAT WE ARE SEEING RELATIVELY REGULARLY. IT SHOWS A DEGREE OF AGGRESSIVENESS THAT WE HAVE NOT SEEN BEFORE,”. SWEDEN AND COUNTRIES SUCH AS LATVIA, ESTONIA AND LITHUANIA HAVE BECOME INCREASINGLY ALARMED BY RUSSIAN FORCES EXERCISING IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION. SWEDEN NEEDS A DIALOG WITH RUSSIA “IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A BETTER TONE AND BETTER BEHAVIOR FROM THE RUSSIAN SIDE.” LES ESTHÈTES RESSENTENT DES ÉMOTIONS SUBTILES .
